Phases of Hyderabad.

The region of Hyderabad was ruled by Mauryan empire in 3 rd century BC during the reign of Asoka, the great. After the death of Asoka , as the mauryan empire began weak and decline, Satavahanas ( fuedatories of mauryan Empire) declared independence and established their empire. This empire covered the territory of Deccan plateau &central India for nearly 450 years (230 BC-220 BC). After Satavahana decline, the region came under the rule of Ikshvaku dynasty (225 AD-325 AD) and they made Nagarjunakonda as their capital ( named after Nagarjuna,who is responsible for mahayana Buddhism in this area)

         In Medieval period, the Kakatiyas (fuedals of Chalukya) declared independence and established their kingdom. The kakatiyas built golconda fort in hyderabad as the part of their western defenses along with Kondapalli fort. It was built on granite hill. The fall of warangal to Muhammad Bin Tuglaq 's forces from the sultanates of Delhi in 1321 AD brought anarchy to the region. Later Musunuri Nayaks defeated tughlaq forces and occupied warangal. After some decades bahmani sultanates fought against nayaks and gained control over the region. Quli Qutb-Ul-Mulk who was sent as a governor of Telangana. These bahmani sultans gradually weakend during this period and the Quli became independent and established Qutb Shahi dynasty based in golconda. Golconda remained as capital for shahi 's until 1590,and then capital was shifted to present city of Hyderabad. In 1590, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shahi ,the 5 th emperor of shahi dynasty selected present site of Hyderabad as capital at the banks of Musi river to overcome the water shortages in Golconda. 

             By the mid 17 th century, the mughal prince Aurangzeb spent his time in Deccan region fighting against local kings. The biggest gift in his eyes was rich city of Hyderabad. On 1687,the golconda sultanate came under the rule of mughal emperor Aurangzeb. The Hyderabad named as Darul Jihad (House of War) and Golconda as Deccan Suba(Deccan province) . In 1714, Mughal emperor Farukkhsiyar appointed Mir Qamar Ud-din Siddiqi as the viceroy of Deccan and gave him title Nizam -Ul-Mukh. Thus Nizams came into rule. Development of modern facilities and industrialization took place during their period i.e till independence of India

After the independence of India,Nizams declared to remain independent.In 1948,  Indian Army moved to Hyderabad and the Nizams surrendered. Later the territory of Hyderabad divided into Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra and Karnataka. By Andhra Pradesh recognization act, 2014 state of Telangana was seperated from Andhra Pradesh,as 29 th new state of India with the city Hyderabad as its capital..

 Author: HC Deepika K from Rajahmundry